Ammonium chloride is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder; odorless, salty and cool; hygroscopic. This product is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol.
Colorless crystal or white granular powder has no ammonium chloride odor. The taste is salty and bitter. Low hygroscopicity. Powdered ammonium chloride is extremely easy to deliquesce, and the moisture absorption point is generally about 76%. When the relative humidity in the air is greater than the moisture absorption point, ammonium chloride produces moisture absorption and is easy to agglomerate. It can sublimate (actually the process of decomposition and regeneration of ammonium chloride) without melting point. The relative density is 1.5274. The refractive index is 1.642. Low toxicity, half lethal dose (rat, oral) 1650mg/kg. Irritating. Heat to 350 ° C sublimation, boiling point 520 ° C. Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, soluble in liquid ammonia, insoluble in acetone and ether. Hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride reduce their solubility in water.
Chemical properties: decomposition begins at 100 ° C, and can be completely decomposed into ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas at 337.8 ° C. After cooling, it is recombined to form ammonium chloride with very small particles, which is white smoke, not easy to sink, and is not easy to re- Dissolved in water.
Ammonium chloride is a strong electrolyte that dissolves in water to ionize ammonium ions and chloride ions. The aqueous solution is weakly acidic and the acidity is enhanced upon heating. Because the ammonium ion ionized in water makes the solution acidic, the pH of the saturated ammonium chloride solution at normal temperature is generally about 5.6. At 25 ° C, 1% is 5.5, 3% is 5.1, and 10% is 5.0.
Ammonium chloride itself can be used as a stabilizing agent for cerium and lanthanum (providing chloride ions for coordination, and co-dissolving the compound with ammonium chloride in dilute hydrochloric acid when used).
It is corrosive to ferrous metals and other metals, especially to copper, and has no corrosive effect on pig iron.
The use of industrial grade ammonium chloride is mainly used in batteries, electroplating, dyeing, casting, medicine, flocking, fluff, chemical intermediates and so on.
